See fyr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fyr-brand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fyry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wilde fyr"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "faiyā",
"word": "ファイヤー"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "faya"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fire"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fire"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "fyr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fire"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "fyre"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vire"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vier"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"fȳr",
"fyr#Old_English"
],
[
"*fuir",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fuir"
],
[
"*fōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōr"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:fȳr<id:fire>",
"id": "fire"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fuir\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fȳr\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fyr\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"fire\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"fyr\" id=\"Middle_English:_fire\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fȳr"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fuir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fuir",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fōr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:fȳr<id:fire>",
"id": "fire"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English fȳr, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fijr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "feyr",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fiere",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fire",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyer",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyir",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyire",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyre",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "feer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fier",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ver",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "fyyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fouyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fuir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fuyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fuyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "veir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "fyr",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fyr (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 4 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"english": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.",
"translation": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction)"
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-agHL7Wvu",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 4 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"A particular instance of fire."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-NB7kM-b4",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"instance",
"instance"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 4 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hell",
"orig": "enm:Hell",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"Hellfire; the fire of hell."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-2uTFr08c",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"Hellfire",
"hellfire"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 4 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"Sparks (from the striking of flint)"
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-KyKqmNih",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"Spark",
"spark"
],
[
"striking",
"striking#English"
],
[
"flint",
"flint#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 2 12 22 4 8 14 9 1 8 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 9 25 3 6 14 7 1 7 5 13 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 31 3 4 20 4 3 3 3 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 4 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hatred",
"orig": "enm:Hatred",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"A burning coal or firebrand (as a firestarter)"
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-bOnsUlFC",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"burning",
"burning"
],
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"firebrand",
"firebrand"
],
[
"firestarter",
"firestarter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 4 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 11 14 4 41 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sun",
"orig": "enm:Sun",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"The fire of the sun or a volcano."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-cZe6BP-t",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"volcano",
"volcano"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"(rare) The fire of the sun or a volcano."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 43 28 28 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
123
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
144,
148
]
],
"english": "The elements that compose everything / there are four as scholars find: / the lowest are water and earth, / the third is air, and the fourth is fire.",
"ref": "c. 1300, “Hereþ now of þe trinite dere / And of þe makyng of þıs woꝛld here”, in Curſoꝛ Mundı (Trinity College MS. R. 3.8), Staffordshire, published c. 1400, folio 3, recto, column 1; republished at Cambridge: Trinity College, 23 June 2017:",
"text": "Þe elementıs þᵗ al þing byndes / ffoure þ͛ ben as clerkes fyndes / þe loweſt hıt ıs watır and erþe / þe þrıdde ıs eyr ⁊ fuyr þe ferþe",
"translation": "The elements that compose everything / there are four as scholars find: / the lowest are water and earth, / the third is air, and the fourth is fire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements"
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-Bg~eP1-S",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"four",
"four"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 10 22 3 2 35 3 1 5 2 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"Heat used alchemically."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun--bw0t5st",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"four",
"four"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"Heat",
"heat"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"alchemically",
"alchemically"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"(alchemy) Heat used alchemically."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"Inflammation or the accompanying heat or pain."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-qQnwh9mH",
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"four",
"four"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Inflammation",
"inflammation"
],
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"(medicine) Inflammation or the accompanying heat or pain."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Firewood or other fuel for a fire."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-CM4NUPPW",
"links": [
[
"Firewood",
"firewood"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lightning (or an individual lightning bolt)."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-DqhD7rSj",
"links": [
[
"Lightning",
"lightning"
],
[
"individual",
"individual#English"
],
[
"lightning bolt",
"lightning bolt#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Emotional intensity (especially passion, inspiration, or wrath)"
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-D8-~SyTG",
"links": [
[
"Emotional",
"emotional"
],
[
"passion",
"passion#English"
],
[
"inspiration",
"inspiration#English"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Emotional intensity (especially passion, inspiration, or wrath)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A means of cauterisation; cautery."
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-jRiN9nst",
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"cauterisation",
"cauterisation"
],
[
"cautery",
"cautery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery, rare) A means of cauterisation; cautery."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fiːr/"
},
{
"ipa": "/feːr/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon"
},
{
"ipa": "/veːr/",
"tags": [
"Kent"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fyːr/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vyːr/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
}
],
"word": "fyr"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "fyr",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "firre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of firre"
],
"id": "en-fyr-enm-noun-Xl0cfkml",
"links": [
[
"firre",
"firre#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fyr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *péh₂wr̥",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Hatred",
"enm:Hell",
"enm:Sun",
"enm:Weather"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fyr-brand"
},
{
"word": "fyry"
},
{
"word": "wilde fyr"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "faiyā",
"word": "ファイヤー"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "faya"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fire"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fire"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "fyr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fire"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "fyre"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vire"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vier"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"fȳr",
"fyr#Old_English"
],
[
"*fuir",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fuir"
],
[
"*fōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōr"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:fȳr<id:fire>",
"id": "fire"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fuir\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fȳr\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fyr\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"fire\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"fyr\" id=\"Middle_English:_fire\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fȳr"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fuir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fuir",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fōr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:fȳr<id:fire>",
"id": "fire"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English fȳr, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fijr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "feyr",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fiere",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fire",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyer",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyir",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyire",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "fyre",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "feer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fier",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ver",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "fyyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fouyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fuir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fuyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fuyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "veir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "fyr",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fyr (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"english": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.",
"translation": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction)"
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"A particular instance of fire."
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"instance",
"instance"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"Hellfire; the fire of hell."
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"Hellfire",
"hellfire"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"Sparks (from the striking of flint)"
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"Spark",
"spark"
],
[
"striking",
"striking#English"
],
[
"flint",
"flint#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"A burning coal or firebrand (as a firestarter)"
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"burning",
"burning"
],
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"firebrand",
"firebrand"
],
[
"firestarter",
"firestarter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"The fire of the sun or a volcano."
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"chemical",
"chemical#English"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction#English"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"volcano",
"volcano"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire (the chemical reaction):",
"(rare) The fire of the sun or a volcano."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
123
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
144,
148
]
],
"english": "The elements that compose everything / there are four as scholars find: / the lowest are water and earth, / the third is air, and the fourth is fire.",
"ref": "c. 1300, “Hereþ now of þe trinite dere / And of þe makyng of þıs woꝛld here”, in Curſoꝛ Mundı (Trinity College MS. R. 3.8), Staffordshire, published c. 1400, folio 3, recto, column 1; republished at Cambridge: Trinity College, 23 June 2017:",
"text": "Þe elementıs þᵗ al þing byndes / ffoure þ͛ ben as clerkes fyndes / þe loweſt hıt ıs watır and erþe / þe þrıdde ıs eyr ⁊ fuyr þe ferþe",
"translation": "The elements that compose everything / there are four as scholars find: / the lowest are water and earth, / the third is air, and the fourth is fire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements"
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"four",
"four"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Alchemy"
],
"glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"Heat used alchemically."
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"four",
"four"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"Heat",
"heat"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"alchemically",
"alchemically"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"(alchemy) Heat used alchemically."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"Inflammation or the accompanying heat or pain."
],
"links": [
[
"Fire",
"fire"
],
[
"four",
"four"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Inflammation",
"inflammation"
],
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Fire as one of the four medieval elements:",
"(medicine) Inflammation or the accompanying heat or pain."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Firewood or other fuel for a fire."
],
"links": [
[
"Firewood",
"firewood"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lightning (or an individual lightning bolt)."
],
"links": [
[
"Lightning",
"lightning"
],
[
"individual",
"individual#English"
],
[
"lightning bolt",
"lightning bolt#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Emotional intensity (especially passion, inspiration, or wrath)"
],
"links": [
[
"Emotional",
"emotional"
],
[
"passion",
"passion#English"
],
[
"inspiration",
"inspiration#English"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Emotional intensity (especially passion, inspiration, or wrath)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Surgery"
],
"glosses": [
"A means of cauterisation; cautery."
],
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"cauterisation",
"cauterisation"
],
[
"cautery",
"cautery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery, rare) A means of cauterisation; cautery."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fiːr/"
},
{
"ipa": "/feːr/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon"
},
{
"ipa": "/veːr/",
"tags": [
"Kent"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fyːr/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vyːr/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
}
],
"word": "fyr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Hatred",
"enm:Hell",
"enm:Sun",
"enm:Weather"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "fyr",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "firre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of firre"
],
"links": [
[
"firre",
"firre#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fyr"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fyr meaning in Middle English (11.3kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Fire (the chemical reaction):'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"fyr"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fyr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Fire as one of the four mediev'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"fyr"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fyr",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.